France

Context In France, 2023 was marked by an unprecedented commitment to adapting to climate change. First, the national reference warming trajectory for adaptation to climate change (TRACC) was put out to public consultation. This trajectory considers an average warming level for France of +2°C in 2030, +2.7°C in 2050 and +4°C in 2100 (corresponding to […]

Context Leading the energy transition requires 58 billion euros of additional investment per year over the period 2024-2030. These investments are needed to renovate housing, electrify the vehicle fleet, maintain and develop transport infrastructure, build wind and solar farms, and renew nuclear power.    How can climate investments be financed? Under what conditions can households, […]

Context Our homes, vehicles, the factories and the farms, the roads, canals and railroads, the power stations and power grids, as well as many more equipment are the permanent foundation of our economy and our daily lives. They are the result our investments, accumulated over decades – sometimes centuries – and continue to evolve, year […]

Science-Based Integrated Forest Mitigation Management Made Operational for Europe Context Forests have a major role to play in mitigating climate change, through their ability to capture and store carbon throughout their lifetime. But this mitigation potential is highly dependent on forest management practices and could be doubled if best management practices become the norm. Still, […]

The French Inspection générale de l’environnement et du développement durable (General inspectorate for environment and sustainable development) notes in the report by its Mission de Parangonnage sur les Politiques d’Adaptation au Changement Climatique (Mission on benchmarking for climate adaptation policies) (2023) that resource mobilisation for adaptation is not yet based on exhaustive assessments of the […]

Context   Many climate-related public policies have important social impacts, and vice versa. For example, carbon pricing mechanisms can increase income inequality if not accompanied by appropriate redistributive measures. Conversely, energy subsidies for poorest households often contribute to increasing greenhouse gas emissions.    These “secondary effects” are not always negative, as exemplified by investments in public […]

Context: Multiple studies demonstrate the value of anticipating and adapting to the effects of climate change (Global Commission on Adaptation 2019; COACCH 2018). Yet the argument that the costs of inaction far outweigh the costs of action is not enough to trigger the latter (I4CE and Ramboll 2021). Indeed, global assessments provide little information on […]